🧑‍💻 Update Docker setup (#27998)

Makefile

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ help:
 	@echo "make unit-test-single-local-docker : Run unit tests for a single config locally, using docker"
 	@echo "make unit-test-all-local       : Run all code tests locally"
 	@echo "make unit-test-all-local-docker : Run all code tests locally, using docker"
-	@echo "make setup-local-docker        : Setup local docker using buildx"
+	@echo "make setup-local-docker        : Setup local docker"
 	@echo ""
 	@echo "Options for testing:"
 	@echo "  TEST_TARGET          Set when running tests-single-*, to select the"
@@ -88,7 +88,26 @@ unit-test-all-local-docker:
 	@if ! $(CONTAINER_RT_BIN) images -q $(CONTAINER_IMAGE) > /dev/null ; then $(MAKE) setup-local-docker ; fi
 	$(CONTAINER_RT_BIN) run $(CONTAINER_RT_OPTS)  $(CONTAINER_IMAGE) make unit-test-all-local
 
+USERNAME := $(shell whoami)
+USER_ID  := $(shell id -u)
+GROUP_ID := $(shell id -g)
+
+.PHONY: setup-local-docker setup-local-docker-old
+
 setup-local-docker:
+	@echo "Building marlin-dev Docker image..."
+	$(CONTAINER_RT_BIN) build -t $(CONTAINER_IMAGE) \
+	  --build-arg USERNAME=$(USERNAME) \
+	  --build-arg USER_ID=$(USER_ID) \
+	  --build-arg GROUP_ID=$(GROUP_ID) \
+	  -f docker/Dockerfile .
+	@echo
+	@echo "To run all tests in Docker:"
+	@echo "  make tests-all-local-docker"
+	@echo "To run a single test in Docker:"
+	@echo "  make tests-single-local-docker TEST_TARGET=mega2560"
+
+setup-local-docker-old:
 	$(CONTAINER_RT_BIN) buildx build -t $(CONTAINER_IMAGE) -f docker/Dockerfile .
 
 PINS := $(shell find Marlin/src/pins -mindepth 2 -name '*.h')

docker/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,20 @@
-FROM python:3.9.0-buster
+FROM python:3.11-bookworm
+
+# Install build dependencies for simulator UI
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+    libsdl2-dev \
+    libsdl2-net-dev \
+    libgl1-mesa-dev \
+    libegl1-mesa-dev \
+    libglu1-mesa-dev \
+    libx11-dev \
+    libxext-dev \
+    libxrandr-dev \
+    libxinerama-dev \
+    libxcursor-dev \
+    libxi-dev \
+    libglm-dev \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
 # Disable warnings about not having a TTY
 ARG DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive